Experimental studies of toxic effects’ of metallic nanoparticles at iron and nonferrous industries and risk assessment for workers` health

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Abstract

The paper summarizes main results of our toxicological “in vivo“ experiments on white rats exposed to either a) a single intratracheal instillation of silver, gold, iron oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, manganese oxide, zinc oxide and lead oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in stable water suspensions without any chemical additives, b) repeated intraperitoneal injections the same NPs, c) low-level long-term inhalation exposure to the iron oxide nano-aerosol. We found these NPs to be much more noxious on both cellular and systemic levels as compared with their one micrometer or even submicron counterparts. The retention and distribution of metal and metal oxide NPs in the body are controlled by both physiological and physicochemical processes, depended on both cytotoxicity and solubility in biological milieus (inherent in different NPs to varying degrees). The relative contributions of these processes to the toxicokinetics are various for different NPs, and specifically for iron oxide particles of an average diameter not exceeding 20 nm, which were studied in the chronic inhalation experiment, the role of the dissolution predominates. Our data were first to testify to the high activity of the macrophagic and neutrophillic pulmonary phagocytosis of NPs deposited in airways. This fact suggests safe levels of exposure to airborne nanoparticles to be possible in principle but should be much lower if compared with established ones for respective micrometric industrial dust.

About the authors

Marina P. Sutunkova

The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Author for correspondence.
Email: marinasutunkova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1743-7642

PhD, Head of the Laboratory of the Environment Toxicology of the  Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Ekaterinburg,  620014, Russian Federation.

e-mail: marinasutunkova@yandex.ru

Russian Federation

References

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