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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Refrigeration Technology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Refrigeration Technology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Холодильная техника</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>制冷技术</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0023-124X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-4241</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">109043</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RF109043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Problem of Utilization of Liquefied Natural Gas Vapor at Large-scale LNG Plants</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Проблема утилизации паров сжиженного природного газа на крупнотоннажных предприятиях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9263-8153</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1591-4442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор</p></bio><email>abaranov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3571-7744</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7175-0363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Seredenko</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Середенко</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student; engineer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, инженер</p></bio><email>seredenko_alena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-7154</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3491-9440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Lev V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Лев Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student, Engineer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, инженер</p></bio><email>levladiv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-6635</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8986-1570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilenok</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василенок</surname><given-names>Анна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student, Lecturer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, преподаватель</p></bio><email>vasilenok_anna@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">ITMO University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет ИТМО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research and Production Company “KRION”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-производственное предприятие «КРИОН»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-12-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-08-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>111</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>141</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-04"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-02"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Baranov A.Y., Seredenko E.S., Ivanov L.V., Vasilenok A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Баранов А.Ю., Середенко Е.С., Иванов Л.В., Василенок А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranov A.Y., Seredenko E.S., Ivanov L.V., Vasilenok A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранов А.Ю., Середенко Е.С., Иванов Л.В., Василенок А.В.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://freezetech.ru/0023-124X/article/view/109043">https://freezetech.ru/0023-124X/article/view/109043</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The liquefied natural gas (LNG) is stored under low overpressure in a saturated state in large-capacity tanks with multilayer thermal insulation. Owing to the input of heat from the environment through thermal insulation, LNG is continuously evaporated. Since natural gas is a multicomponent mixture, LNG vapors are enriched with its low-boiling components, then the supply of heat from the environment reduces the amount of liquid in the reservoir and changes its chemical composition. Similar phenomena occur during LNG transportation. The present paper deals with the problem of LNG vapor utilization during its storage and transportation. Information is presented on the causes of the LNG vapor formation (boil-off gas) and methods for its disposal during storage and transportation to consumers. A numerical experiment was performed based on the data of LNG storage in large-capacity storage facilities at the Yamal LNG plant. The technique consists of the estimation of material flows toward the system of accumulation and extradition of LNG. The results show that the vapor flow generated from the inflow of new LNG portions into the storage significantly exceeds that generated from the heat supply from the environment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Сжиженный природный газ (СПГ) хранится под малым избыточным давлением в насыщенном состоянии в крупнотоннажных резервуарах с многослойной тепловой изоляцией. Из-за поступления теплоты из окружающей среды через тепловую изоляцию, сжиженный природный газ непрерывно испаряется. Так как природный газ является многокомпонентной смесью, пары СПГ обогащены его низкокипящими компонентами, поэтому подвод теплоты из окружающей среды не только сокращает количество жидкости в резервуаре, но и приводит к изменению ее состава. Аналогичные явления происходят при транспортировании СПГ. В статье рассматривается проблема утилизации паров СПГ при его хранении и транспортировании. Представлена информация о причинах образования паров СПГ (отпарного газа) и методах его утилизации на этапах хранения и транспортирования СПГ потребителям. Проведен численный анализ на основе данных о хранении СПГ в крупнотоннажных хранилищах завода «Ямал СПГ». Методика заключается в оценке значений материальных потоков, движущихся к системе накопления и выдачи СПГ. Анализ результатов показал, что поток паров, формируемый из-за поступления новых порций СПГ в накопительное хранилище, значительно превышает поток паров, образуемый из-за подвода теплоты из окружающей среды.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liquefied natural gas</kwd><kwd>evaporation</kwd><kwd>boil-off gas</kwd><kwd>utilization of LNG vapors</kwd><kwd>storage</kwd><kwd>transportation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сжиженный природный газ (СПГ)</kwd><kwd>испарение</kwd><kwd>отпарной газ</kwd><kwd>пары СПГ</kwd><kwd>утилизация паров СПГ</kwd><kwd>хранение</kwd><kwd>транспортирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LNG Custody Transfer Handbook, 3rd Ed. v. 3.01. Paris: GIIGNL; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">LNG Custody Transfer Handbook, 3rd Ed. v. 3.01. 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