Refrigeration TechnologyRefrigeration TechnologyХолодильная техника制冷技术0023-124X2782-4241Eco-Vector63538410.17816/RF635384Original Study ArticlesОригинальные исследованияResearch ArticleInvestigation on ejector design for CO₂ heat pump applications using DymolaИсследование конструкции эжектора для применения теплового насоса на CO₂ с использованием DymolaMetsueAntoine
Belgium
antoine.metsue@usherbrooke.caBartosiewiczYann
Belgium
yann.bartosiewicz@uclouvain.bePoncetSébastien
Canada
sebastien.poncet@usherbrooke.caInstitute Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering (iMMC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)Mechanical Engineering Department, Université de Sherbrooke090920241909202311242272362508202425082024Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор2023Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://freezetech.ru/0023-124X/article/view/635384

In this paper, the Dymola modelling tool is used to study the influence of ejector design onto the whole heat pump cycle working with carbon dioxide. The cycle is built using the components provided by the TIL Modelica library. It is found that the ejector models in TIL are quite limited, namely by their inability to properly capture the on-design plateau and rapid decrease in performance in off-design operation. Therefore, an in-house state-of-the-art ejector model, originally developed in Python, is implemented as a Dymola object. This model is then calibrated onto CO₂ experimental data. The operation of a simple CO₂ heat pump system is investigated, with focus on the ejector sizing at fixed geometry. It is found that there exists an ejector size that maximises the COP of the cycle. Furthermore, critical ejector pressure is not reached at this optimum COP point; the ejector is operating well under the on-design regime.

В данной работе для изучения влияния конструкции эжектора на весь цикл теплового насоса, работающего на углекислом газе, используется инструмент моделирования Dymola. Цикл построен с использованием компонентов библиотеки TIL Modelica. Выяснилось, что модели эжекторов в TIL весьма ограничены, в частности, они не могут правильно отразить выход на расчетный режим и быстрое снижение производительности при работе вне расчетного режима. Поэтому собственная современная модель эжектора, изначально разработанная на языке Python, реализована в виде объекта Dymola. Затем указанная модель калибруется на основе экспериментальных данных по CO₂. Исследована работа простой системы теплового насоса на базе CO₂ с акцентом на размеры эжектора при фиксированной геометрии. Выяснилось, что существует размер эжектора, который позволяет достичь максимального COP цикла. Кроме того, в этой точке оптимального COP не достигается критическое давление в эжекторе; эжектор работает в пределах расчетного режима.

ejectorheat pump cyclecarbon dioxidemodelicathermodynamic modelCOPэжекторцикл теплового насосадиоксид углеродаModelicaтермодинамическая модельCOPLiu J, Wang L, Jia L, Xue H. Thermodynamic analysis of the steam ejector for desalination applications. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2019;159(1):113883.Liu J., Wang L., Jia L., Xue H. Thermodynamic analysis of the steam ejector for desalination applications // Appl. Therm. Eng. 2019. Vol. 159, N. 1. P. 113883.Ipakchi O, Mosaffa AH, Garousi Farshi L. Ejector based CO₂ transcritical combined cooling and power system utilizing waste heat recovery: A thermoeconomic assessment. Energy Convers. Manag. 2019;186(1):462–472.Ipakchi O., Mosaffa A.H., Garousi Farshi L. Ejector based CO₂ transcritical combined cooling and power system utilizing waste heat recovery: A thermoeconomic assessment // Energy Convers. Manag. 2019. Vol. 186, N. 1. P. 462–472.Besagni G, Mereu R, Inzoli F. Ejector refrigeration: A comprehensive review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2016;53(1):373–407.3. Besagni G., Mereu R., Inzoli F. Ejector refrigeration: A comprehensive review // Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2016. Vol. 53, N. 1. P. 373–407.Aidoun Z, Ameur K, Falsafioon M, Badache M. Current Advances in Ejector Modeling, Experimentation and Applications for Refrigeration and Heat Pumps. Part 1: Single-Phase Ejectors. Inventions. 2019;4(1):15.Aidoun Z., Ameur K., Falsafioon M., Badache M. Current Advances in Ejector Modeling, Experimentation and Applications for Refrigeration and Heat Pumps. Part 1: Single-Phase Ejectors // Inventions. 2019. Vol. 4, N. 1. P. 15.Aidoun Z, Ameur K, Falsafioon M, Badache M. Current Advances in Ejector Modeling, Experimentation and Applications for Refrigeration and Heat Pumps. Part 2: Two-Phase Ejectors. Inventions. 2019;4(1):16.Aidoun Z., Ameur K., Falsafioon M., Badache M. Current Advances in Ejector Modeling, Experimentation and Applications for Refrigeration and Heat Pumps. Part 2: Two-Phase Ejectors // Inventions. 2019. Vol. 4, N. 1. P. 16.Tashtoush BM, Al-Nimr MA, Khasawneh MA. A comprehensive review of ejector design, performance, and applications. Appl. Energy. 2019;240(1):138–172.Tashtoush B.M., Al-Nimr M.A., Khasawneh M.A. A comprehensive review of ejector design, performance, and applications // Appl. Energy. 2019. Vol. 240, N. 1. P. 138–172.Elbel S, Hrnjak P. Experimental validation of a prototype ejector designed to reduce throttling losses encountered in transcritical R744 system operation. Int. J. Refrig. 2008;31(3):411–422.Elbel S., Hrnjak P. Experimental validation of a prototype ejector designed to reduce throttling losses encountered in transcritical R744 system operation // Int. J. Refrig. 2008. Vol. 31, N. 3. P. 411–422.Taslimi Taleghani S, Sorin M, Poncet S. Modeling of two-phase transcritical CO₂ ejectors for on-design and off-design conditions. Int. J. Refrig. 2018;87(1):91–105.Taslimi Taleghani S., Sorin M., Poncet S. Modeling of two-phase transcritical CO₂ ejectors for on-design and off-design conditions // Int. J. Refrig. 2018. Vol. 87, N. 1. P. 91–105.Metsue A, Debroeyer R, Poncet S, Bartosiewicz Y. An improved thermodynamic model for supersonic real-gas ejectors using the compound-choking theory. Energy. 2021. (In Print).Metsue A., Debroeyer R., Poncet S., Bartosiewicz Y. An improved thermodynamic model for supersonic real-gas ejectors using the compound-choking theory // Energy. 2021. (In Print).Chen Y, Chen Z, Chen Z, Yuan X. Dynamic modeling of solarassisted ground source heat pump using Modelica. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2021;196(1):117324.Chen Y., Chen Z., Chen Z., Yuan X. Dynamic modeling of solarassisted ground source heat pump using Modelica // Appl. Therm. Eng. 2021. Vol. 196, N. 1. P. 117324.Liu F, Qiu W, Deng J, et al. Multi-objective nonsimultaneous dynamic optimal control for an ejector expansion heat pump with thermal storages. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2020;168(1):114835.Liu F., Qiu W., Deng J., et al. Multi-objective nonsimultaneous dynamic optimal control for an ejector expansion heat pump with thermal storages // Appl. Therm. Eng. 2020. Vol. 168, N. 1. P. 114835.Hafner A, Försterling S, Banasiak K. Multi-ejector concept for R-744 supermarket refrigeration. Int. J. Refrig. 2014;43(1):1–13.Hafner A., Försterling S., Banasiak K. Multi-ejector concept for R-744 supermarket refrigeration // Int. J. Refrig. 2014. Vol. 43, N. 1. P. 1–13.Liu F, Deng J, Pan W. Model-based Dynamic Optimal Control of an Ejector Expansion CO₂ Heat Pump Coupled with Thermal Storages. Energy Procedia. 2018;152(1):156–161.Liu F., Deng J., Pan W. Model-based Dynamic Optimal Control of an Ejector Expansion CO₂ Heat Pump Coupled with Thermal Storages // Energy Procedia. 2018. Vol. 152, N. 1. P. 156–161.Zhu Y, Li C, Zhang F, Jiang P-X. Comprehensive experimental study on a transcritical CO₂ ejector-expansion refrigeration system. Energy Convers. Manag. 2017;151(1):98–106.Zhu Y., Li C., Zhang F., Jiang P.-X. Comprehensive experimental study on a transcritical CO₂ ejector-expansion refrigeration system // Energy Convers. Manag. 2017. Vol. 151, N. 1. P. 98–106.