Refrigeration TechnologyRefrigeration TechnologyХолодильная техника制冷技术0023-124X2782-4241Eco-Vector63538610.17816/RF635386Original Study ArticlesОригинальные исследованияResearch ArticleSafety and reliability assessment of CO₂ refrigeration system for underground applications below -50 °CОценка безопасности и надежности системы охлаждения на базе CO₂ для подземного применения при температурах ниже -50 °CBarrocaPierre
Norway
pierre.a.c.barroca@ntnu.noVerlaatBart
Switzerland
bart.verlaat@cern.chHafnerArmin
Norway
armin.hafner@ntnu.noBlustStephanie
Norway
stefanie.blust@ntnu.noHulekWojciech
Switzerland
lukasz.zwalinski@cern.chZwalinskiLukasz
Switzerland
lukasz.zwalinski@cern.chTeixeiraDaniella
South Africa
TXRDAN001@myuct.ac.zaDepartment of Energy and Process Engineering NTNUCERNUniversity of Cape Town090920241909202311242372462608202426082024Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор2023Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://freezetech.ru/0023-124X/article/view/635386

A new CO₂ refrigeration concept is evaluated to cool the ATLAS and CMS experiments installed close to 100 m underground, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The first prototype unit produced to validate the conceptual design and to assess safety and reliability of the system has been commissioned. This paper presents results obtained, discusses the safety and reliability of the system and discourses on the list of recommendations for the future final units to cover the cooling loads of 380 kW for ATLAS and 750 kW for CMS at -53 °C evaporation temperature.

This article is a translation of the article by Barroca P, Verlaat B, HafnerA, Blust S, Hulek W, Zwalinski L, Teixeira D. Safety and reliability assessment of CO₂ refrigeration system for underground applications below -50 °C. In: Proceedings of the 9th IIR Conference on the Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technologies. Ohrid: IIF/IIR, 2021. DOI: 10.18462/iir.nh3-co2.2021.0024 Published with the permission of the copyright holder.

Новая концепция охлаждения на базе CO₂ оценивается для охлаждения экспериментальных установок ATLAS и CMS, размещенных на глубине до 100 м под землей на Большом адронном коллайдере (БАК) в Центре ядерных исследований (CERN). Введен в эксплуатацию первый опытный образец установки, изготовленный для проверки концептуального проекта и оценки безопасности и надежности системы. В данной работе представлены полученные результаты, обсуждается безопасность и надежность системы, а также список рекомендаций для будущих конечных блоков, обеспечивающих холодопроизводительность 380 кВт для ATLAS и 750 кВт для CMS при температуре кипения -53 °C.

Настоящая статья представляет собой перевод статьи Barroca P, Verlaat B, HafnerA, Blust S, Hulek W, Zwalinski L, Teixeira D. Safety and reliability assessment of CO₂ refrigeration system for underground applications below -50 °C. In: Proceedings of the 9th IIR Conference on the Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technologies. Ohrid: IIF/IIR, 2021. DOI: 10.18462/iir.nh3-co2.2021.0024 Публикуется с разрешения правообладателя.

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