<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Refrigeration Technology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Refrigeration Technology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Холодильная техника</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>制冷技术</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0023-124X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-4241</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678243</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RF678243</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">AIPPTG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of microwave disinfection on the nutritional value, microbiological characteristics and thermophysical properties</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние микроволновой дезинфекции на питательную ценность, микробиологические характеристики и теплофизические свойства</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tun</surname><given-names>Aye</given-names></name><address><country country="MM">Myanmar</country></address><email>ayetunitmo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Linn</surname><given-names>San</given-names></name><address><country country="MM">Myanmar</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук</p></bio><email>ayetunitmo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0595-368X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1938-6901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>barigor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Defence Services Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Академия военного управления</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">ITMO University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет ИТМО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>114</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-23"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://freezetech.ru/0023-124X/article/view/678243">https://freezetech.ru/0023-124X/article/view/678243</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Microwave disinfestation technique is potentially very suitable for postharvest treatment to control pests on food crops.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>The purpose of this work is to study the process of disinfection of chickpeas using microwave technology and to assess its effect on nutritional value, microbiological parameters and thermophysical properties of the product.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>The samples of chickpea supplied from the ware houses of Pyin Oo Lwin were used for disinfestation. Physicochemical composition (nutritional value) of representative samples was also determined before and after treatment at Food Nutrition Analysis Laboratory. Furthermore, calculating the thermo-physical properties (specific heat) was performed to achieve a good thermal effect on food product. The samples were exposed with microwave energy levels 3 kW in different times of 60 s, and 80 s at 80 °C. The optimized as well as suitable exposure time of 80 s was chosen for the storage period, 12 months. The microbial population (yeast and mould) in food product was also determined during storage intervals.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Calculating equation for mass product production was developed dependent on heat transfer equation to know the definitely volume (mass) of food product. The amount of volume (mass) of chickpea required for experimental research was calculated. From these observed results, it was found that physicochemical composition of control and treated samples occurred no significantly changes due to microwave radiation effect on the samples. Initial total fungal count of chickpea is 2.0 × 10<sup>3</sup> cfu/g, after 12 months: control — 70, treated 60 s —10, treated 80 s — 4 × 10<sup>3</sup> cfu/g.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>It was found that the application of microwave energy levels 3kW in 80 second at 80 °C would improve the hygienic quality and extend shelf-life of food (chickpea) sample.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Метод дезинфекции с помощью микроволн потенциально подходит для послеуборочной обработки с целью борьбы с вредителями продовольственных культур.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>— изучить процесс дезинфекции нута с помощью микроволновой технологии и оценить ее влияние на питательную ценность, микробиологические параметры и теплофизические свойства продукта.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Для дезинфекции использовались образцы нута, поставляемые со складов в Пьин-У-Лвин. Физико-химический состав (питательная ценность) репрезентативных образцов также определялся до и после обработки в лаборатории анализа пищевых продуктов. Кроме того, для достижения положительных последствий от теплового воздействия на пищевой продукт был проведен расчет теплофизических свойств (удельной теплоемкости). Образцы подвергались воздействию микроволновой энергии мощностью 3 кВт в течение различного времени: 60 с и 80 с при температуре 80 °C. Для периода хранения 12 мес было выбрано оптимальное подходящее время воздействия 80 с. Микробная популяция (дрожжи и плесень) в пищевом продукте также определялась в течение интервалов хранения.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Получено уравнение для расчета массового производства продукта в зависимости от уравнения теплопередачи для определения точного объема (массы) пищевого продукта. Был рассчитан объем (масса) нута, необходимый для экспериментального исследования. На основании полученных результатов было установлено, что физико-химический состав контрольных и обработанных образцов не претерпел значительных изменений под воздействием микроволнового излучения. Начальное общее количество грибков в нуте составляет 2,0 × 10<sup>3</sup> КОЕ/г, через 12 мес: контроль — 70, обработка 60 с — 10, обработка 80 с — 4 × 10<sup>3</sup> КОЕ/г.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Применение микроволновой энергии мощностью 3 кВт в течение 80 с при температуре 80 °C улучшает гигиеническое качество и продлевает срок хранения проб пищевых продуктов (нута).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chickpea</kwd><kwd>disinfestation</kwd><kwd>nutritional value</kwd><kwd>specific heat</kwd><kwd>microbial population</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нут</kwd><kwd>дезинфекция</kwd><kwd>питательная ценность</kwd><kwd>удельная теплоемкость</kwd><kwd>микробиологическая популяция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ragni L, Berardinelli A, Vannini L, et al. Non-thermal atmospheric gas plasma device for surface decontamination of shell eggs. J Food Eng. 2010;100(1):125–132. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.03.036</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Yun H, Kim B, Jung S, et al. Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on disposable plastic tray, aluminum foil, and paper cup by atmospheric pressure plasma. Food Control. 2010;21(8):1182–1186. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.02.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Uthumporn U, Nadiah NI, Koh WY, et al. Effect of microwave heating on corn flour and rice flour in water suspension. Int Food Res J. 2016;23(6):2493–2503.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Woo MH, Grippin A, Wu CY, Wander J. Microwave-irradiation-assisted HVAC filtration for inactivation of viral aerosols. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 2012;12(2):295–303. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2011.11.0193</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>American Public Health Association. Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods. Washington: APHA; 1996.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Unluturk S. Impact of irradiation on the microbial ecology of foods. In: Quantitative Microbiology in Food Processing: Modeling the Microbial Ecology. New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2017:147–165. doi: 10.1002/9781118823071.ch8 EDN: YGGFNN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Marsaioli A, Berteli MN, Pereira NR. Applications of microwave energy to postharvest technology of fruits and vegetables. Stewart Postharvest Rev. 2009;5(6):1–5. doi: 10.2212/spr.2009.6.2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Yadav DN, Anand T, Sharma M, Gupta RK. Microwave technology for disinfestation of cereals and pulses: an overview. J Food Sci Technol. 2014;51(12):3568–3576. doi: 10.1007/s13197-012-0912-8 EDN: RCXZIE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Fricke BA, Becker BR. Evaluation of thermophysical property models for foods. HVAC&amp;R Res. 2001;7(4):311–330. doi: 10.1080/10789669.2001.10391278</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Thermal properties of foods. In: ASHRAE Handbook: Refrigeration (SI Edition). Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE; 2010:19.1–19.19. ISBN: 978-1-933742-82-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Sahin S, Sumnu SG. Thermal properties of foods. In: Physical Properties of Foods. Serpil Sahin, Servet Gulum Sumnu, eds. Food Science Text Series. New York: Springer; 2006:107–155. doi: 10.1007/0-387-30808-3_3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Ibrahim G, El-Ghorab A, Osman F. Effect of microwave heating on flavour generation and food processing. In: Environmental Science. IntechOpen; 2012. doi: 10.5772/49935</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Krylov VA, Volkov SM, Baranov IV, et al. Research of the temperature dependence of the specific heat capacity of refined vegetable oils on the content of unsaturated fatty acids. J Int Acad Refrig. 2024;(2):43–49. (In Russ.) doi:10.17586/1606-4313-2024-23-2-43-49 EDN: PPTWGN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Sorokin AS, Novoselov AG, Kuznetsov AY, et al. Comprehensive studies of the physical and thermophysical properties of wort. BIO Web Conf. 2024;103:00037. (In Russ.) doi:10.1051/bioconf/202410300037 EDN: IXRNTP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Novoselov AG, Malakhov YL, Chebotar AV, et al. Molecular transfer processes in liquid nutrient media in the yeast and beer industries. Part 2. Study of the rheological properties for aqueous solutions of molasses and concentrated beer wort. Processes Food Prod Equip. 2023;(1):37–48. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17586/2310-1164-2023-16-1-37-48 EDN: PODRXJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Aye T, Baranov IV, Krylov VA. Thermo-physical properties of avocado from Southeast Asia [English translation of original Russian title]. J Int Acad Refrig. 2020;(2):60–64. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-2-60-64 EDN: CMLBDZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Baranov IV, Tun A. Review of the specific heat of food models. J Int Acad Refrig. 2019;(3):82–86. (In Russ.) doi:10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-3-82-86 EDN: CTTFIB</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
