<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Refrigeration Technology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Refrigeration Technology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Холодильная техника</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>制冷技术</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0023-124X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-4241</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">699068</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RF699068</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FTJAZI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of condenser pressure drop on the thermodynamic efficiency of a single-stage vapor-compression cycle using different refrigerants: entropic and statistical method of analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Энтропийно-статистический анализ влияния гидравлических потерь в конденсаторе на термодинамическую эффективность одноступенчатого парокомпрессионного цикла</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-1946</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6524-3085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Talyzin</surname><given-names>Maxim S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Талызин</surname><given-names>Максим Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук</p></bio><email>tehdir@engeterra.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsepova</surname><given-names>Varvara D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цепова</surname><given-names>Варвара Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>forletters21@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balan</surname><given-names>Anastasiya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балан</surname><given-names>Анастасия Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nastyabalan98@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">International Academy of Refrigeration</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Международная академия холода</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bauman Moscow State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>114</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://freezetech.ru/0023-124X/article/view/699068">https://freezetech.ru/0023-124X/article/view/699068</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Conventional evaluation of refrigeration system performance based solely on the coefficient of performance (COP) fails to identify localized irreversible losses, particularly those arising from pressure drops in heat exchangers. This limitation is critical in applications demanding high temperature stability, such as pharmaceutical refrigeration.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To perform a comparative thermodynamic analysis of a single-stage vapor-compression cycle using refrigerants R134a, R410A, R507A, and R717, explicitly accounting for the effect of condenser pressure drop on entropy production distribution across cycle components.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The entropic and statistical method of thermodynamic analysis (ESMA) was applied. Simulations were conducted at a fixed cooling capacity of 1 kW, evaporation temperature of –10 °C, and condensation temperature of +42 °C. Condenser pressure drop was varied from 0 to 2 bar in 0.2-bar increments.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Increasing the pressure drop to 2 bar reduced thermodynamic efficiency by 8–13%, depending on the refrigerant. R410A demonstrated the highest resilience: its COP decreased by only 8%, and additional power required to compensate for entropy generation amounted to 3.8% of total compression power.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The entropic and statistical method of analysis (ESMA) allows for losses in different refrigeration plant components to be calculated and compared to determine the elements that need measures to increase their operation efficiency.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Традиционная оценка эффективности холодильных установок по холодильному коэффициенту (COP) не позволяет получить распределение потерь по элементам холодильной установки и повысить эффективность работы.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — провести термодинамический анализ одноступенчатого парокомпрессионного цикла с однократным дросселированием с хладагентами R134a, R410A, R507A и R717 с учётом влияния гидравлических потерь в конденсаторе.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Применён энтропийно-статистический метод термодинамического анализа (ЭСМТА). Моделирование выполнено при фиксированной холодопроизводительности 1 кВт, температуре кипения –10 °С и конденсации +42 °С. Гидравлические потери в конденсаторе варьировались от 0 до 2 бар с шагом 0,2 бар.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Рост падения давления до 2 бар снижает термодинамическую эффективность на 8–13% в зависимости от хладагента. Наибольшую устойчивость к данной тенденции показал R410A: его холодильный коэффициент и степень термодинамического совершенства снизились всего на 8%, а дополнительные затраты работы на компенсацию производства энтропии возросли на 3,8% от исходной при величине гидравлических потерь в конденсаторе, равной 2 бар.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>ЭСМТА позволяет производить расчет потерь по элементам холодильной системы и предпринимать мероприятия для увеличения эффективности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>entropic and statistical method of thermodynamic analysis</kwd><kwd>refrigerant</kwd><kwd>pressure drop</kwd><kwd>thermodynamic efficiency</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>энтропийно-статистический метод термодинамического анализа</kwd><kwd>хладагент</kwd><kwd>потери давления</kwd><kwd>степень термодинамического совершенства</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Arkharov AM. Fundamentals of Cryology. Entropy and Statistical Analysis of Low-Temperature Systems. Moscow: MGTU; 2014. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Schalenbourg D. End user perspective on transitioning away from HFC towards natural refrigerants. In: Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technologies. Ohrid; 2019:167–173. doi: 10.18462/iir.nh3-co2.2019.0033</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Arkharov AM, Shishov VV. Analysis of low-temperature refrigeration cycles using the entropy and statistical analysis. Kholodil’naia Tekhnika. 2014;(8):50–53. (In Russ.) EDN: SWNTCZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Talyzin MS, Shishov VV. Entropic and statistical analysis of CO₂ refrigeration plants for retail application. Refrig Sci Technol. 2019:295–302. doi: 10.18462/iir.nh3-co2.2019.0040</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Zdobnov MI, Lavrov NA. Analysis of losses in ventilation plants by using the entropy and statistical method. Kholodil’naia Tekhnika. 2018;(8):36–40. (In Russ.) EDN: YPHCAX</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
