<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Refrigeration Technology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Refrigeration Technology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Холодильная техника</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>制冷技术</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0023-124X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-4241</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">99378</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RF99378</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Monreal'skiy protokol - honoris causa</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Монреальский протокол - honoris causa</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkov</surname><given-names>Oleg Borisovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветков</surname><given-names>Олег Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д-р техн. наук</p></bio><email>max_iar@gunipt.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Laptev</surname><given-names>Yuriy Aleksandrovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаптев</surname><given-names>Юрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>max_iar@gunipt.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitropov</surname><given-names>Vladimir Viktorovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митропов</surname><given-names>Владимир Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. техн. наук</p></bio><email>max_iar@irbt-itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smaznova</surname><given-names>Evgeniya Sergeevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смазнова</surname><given-names>Евгения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>max_iar@irbt-itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trokhov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy Sergeevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трохов</surname><given-names>Евгений Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>max_iar@irbt-itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhuraev</surname><given-names>Umed Pulovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джураев</surname><given-names>Умед Пулович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>max_iar@irbt-itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechko</surname><given-names>Natal'ya Aleksandrovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печко</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>max_iar@irbt-itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет ИТМО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>107</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO3 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№3 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-01-26"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Tsvetkov O.B., Laptev Y.A., Mitropov V.V., Smaznova E.S., Trokhov E.S., Dzhuraev U.P., Pechko N.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Цветков О.Б., Лаптев Ю.А., Митропов В.В., Смазнова Е.С., Трохов Е.С., Джураев У.П., Печко Н.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsvetkov O.B., Laptev Y.A., Mitropov V.V., Smaznova E.S., Trokhov E.S., Dzhuraev U.P., Pechko N.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цветков О.Б., Лаптев Ю.А., Митропов В.В., Смазнова Е.С., Трохов Е.С., Джураев У.П., Печко Н.А.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://freezetech.ru/0023-124X/article/view/99378">https://freezetech.ru/0023-124X/article/view/99378</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problems of refrigerants application in the context of their environmental impact are examined. The single most successful international agreement to date that is the Montreal Protocol on substances depleting the ozone layer was agreed 30 years ago in September, 1987. The Protocol included chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons in the list of controlled substances and attributed unequivocally the global ozone layer depletion registered since 1970, to the appearance of chlorine and bromine molecules in the Earth’s atmosphere. The prohibition of CFCs and halons entered into force on January 1, 1996. A routine phase out of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) is expected by 2030. An alternative decision to replace CFCs and HCFC22 is hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) that don’t deplete the ozone layer, but they have a rather high GWP. In the framework of the Kigali amendment of 2016 and in elaboration of the Paris climate agreement of 2015 an obligatory phase out of HFC production during subsequent 20 years has been adopted with the aim to prevent a catastrophic climate warming of our planet at least up to 0.5 degrees Celsius. As an alternative decision hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and mixtures of HFOs with HFCs are offered to replace HFCs (R134a, R404A, R410A and others). Pure hydrofluoroolefins practically don’t impact on the global warming, they are lowtoxic but firehazardous.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрены вопросы применения хладагентов в контексте их экологического воздействия. Один из самых успешных международных договоров - Монреальский протокол по веществам, разрушающим озоновый слой, принят 30 лет назад в сентябре 1987 г. Протокол, отнеся к регулируемым веществам хлорфторуглероды (ХФУ) и галоны, однозначно связал глобальное истощение озонового слоя, зафиксированное с 1970 г., с появлением в атмосфере Земли молекул хлора и брома. Запрет производства ХФУ и галонов вступил в силу 01.01.1996 г. Плановое прекращение к 2030 г. ожидает гидрофторуглероды (ГФУ). Альтернативным решением для ХФУ и ГХФУ22 стали гидрофторуглероды (ГФУ), не разрушающие озоновый слой, однако обладающие заметным потенциалом глобального потепления. В рамках Кигалийской поправки, принятой в 2016 г. в развитие Парижского климатического соглашения 2015 г., официально введено обязательное поэтапное прекращение производства ГФУ в течение последующих 20 лет, ставящее целью предотвратить хотя бы на 0,5 оС катастрофическое потепление климата нашей планеты. Как альтернативное решение по замене ГФУ (R134a, R404A, R410A и др.) предложены гидрофторолефины (ГФО) и смеси ГФО с ГФУ. Чистые гидрофторолефины практически не влияют на глобальное потепление, имеют низкую токсичность, но пожароопасны.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Монреальский протокол</kwd><kwd>хлорфторуглероды</kwd><kwd>гидрофторуглероды</kwd><kwd>гидрофторолефины</kwd><kwd>Парижское климатическое соглашение</kwd><kwd>Кигалийская поправка</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>21я конференция ООН в Париже по климату [Электронный ресурс]- Режим доступа: http:// globalclimatechange.ru/index.php/en/conferences-workshops-en/not-in Russia-eng/253-cop21raris2015.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Климатический прогноз для России [Электронный ресурс]-http:// climaterussix.ru/kliat/klimaticheskijprognozdlyarossiichemgrozitstrane-globalnoepoteplenie.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Принята новая поправка к Монреальскому протоколу. Что впереди?// Микроклимат и холод. 2016. № 4 (24). С. 9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Целиков В.Н. Кигалийская поправка к Монреальскому протоколу по веществам, разрушающим озоновый слой: перспективы и последствия// Холодильная техника. 2017. № 4. С. 4-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Ciconkov R. Refrigerants. There is still no vision for sustainable solution// Int. J. Refrigeration. 2018. Vol. 86. P. 441-448.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>COP 22. The role of refrigeration in the combat against climate change// Int. J. Refrigeration. 2017. Vol. 74. P. 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Domanski P.A., Brignoli R., Brown J.S., Kazakov A.F., McLinden M.O. LowGWP refrigerants for medium and highpressure applications// Int. J. Refrig. 2017. Vol. 84. P. 198-209.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>International milelstone agreement on the phase-down of HFC production and consumption in Kigali, Editorial. 2017. Vol. 73. P. V-VI.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>IPCC. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis - Contribution of Working Group I to the IPCC Third Assessment Report/ Ed. S. T. Houghton, et al. - Cambridge, U.K. Cambridge University Press, 2001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Kyoto Protocol, 1997. Report of the Conference of the Parties. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>McLinden M.O., Brown J.S., Kazakov A.F., Domanski P.A. Hitting the bounds of Chemistry: limits and tradeoffs for lowGWP refrigerants// Int. Cong. Refrigeration, 2015, August 16-22, Yokohama, Japan.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Regulation (EC) № 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of the 17 May 2006 on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases, 2006. Official Journal of European Union. hppp:// tinyurl.com/mh 5721.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>UNEP. 1987 with subsequent amendments. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Nairobi, Kenya. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 1987.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>United Nations Environment Programm. 1997. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Final Act. New York, USA.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>World Meteorological Organization, 2007. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2005 Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project/ Report 50.Geneva, Switzerland.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
