Refrigeration TechnologyRefrigeration Technology0023-124X2782-4241Eco-Vector9937810.17816/RF99378Research ArticleMonreal'skiy protokol - honoris causaTsvetkovOleg Borisovichmax_iar@gunipt.spb.ruLaptevYuriy Aleksandrovichmax_iar@gunipt.spb.ruMitropovVladimir Viktorovichmax_iar@irbt-itmo.ruSmaznovaEvgeniya Sergeevnamax_iar@irbt-itmo.ruTrokhovEvgeniy Sergeevichmax_iar@irbt-itmo.ruDzhuraevUmed Pulovichmax_iar@irbt-itmo.ruPechkoNatal'ya Aleksandrovnamax_iar@irbt-itmo.ru150320181073242926012022Copyright © 2018, Tsvetkov O.B., Laptev Y.A., Mitropov V.V., Smaznova E.S., Trokhov E.S., Dzhuraev U.P., Pechko N.A.2018The problems of refrigerants application in the context of their environmental impact are examined. The single most successful international agreement to date that is the Montreal Protocol on substances depleting the ozone layer was agreed 30 years ago in September, 1987. The Protocol included chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons in the list of controlled substances and attributed unequivocally the global ozone layer depletion registered since 1970, to the appearance of chlorine and bromine molecules in the Earth’s atmosphere. The prohibition of CFCs and halons entered into force on January 1, 1996. A routine phase out of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) is expected by 2030. An alternative decision to replace CFCs and HCFC22 is hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) that don’t deplete the ozone layer, but they have a rather high GWP. In the framework of the Kigali amendment of 2016 and in elaboration of the Paris climate agreement of 2015 an obligatory phase out of HFC production during subsequent 20 years has been adopted with the aim to prevent a catastrophic climate warming of our planet at least up to 0.5 degrees Celsius. As an alternative decision hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and mixtures of HFOs with HFCs are offered to replace HFCs (R134a, R404A, R410A and others). Pure hydrofluoroolefins practically don’t impact on the global warming, they are lowtoxic but firehazardous.Монреальский протоколхлорфторуглеродыгидрофторуглеродыгидрофторолефиныПарижское климатическое соглашениеКигалийская поправка[21я конференция ООН в Париже по климату [Электронный ресурс]- Режим доступа: http:// globalclimatechange.ru/index.php/en/conferences-workshops-en/not-in Russia-eng/253-cop21raris2015.][Климатический прогноз для России [Электронный ресурс]-http:// climaterussix.ru/kliat/klimaticheskijprognozdlyarossiichemgrozitstrane-globalnoepoteplenie.][Принята новая поправка к Монреальскому протоколу. Что впереди?// Микроклимат и холод. 2016. № 4 (24). С. 9.][Целиков В.Н. Кигалийская поправка к Монреальскому протоколу по веществам, разрушающим озоновый слой: перспективы и последствия// Холодильная техника. 2017. № 4. С. 4-6.][Ciconkov R. Refrigerants. There is still no vision for sustainable solution// Int. J. Refrigeration. 2018. Vol. 86. P. 441-448.][COP 22. The role of refrigeration in the combat against climate change// Int. J. Refrigeration. 2017. Vol. 74. P. 1-2.][Domanski P.A., Brignoli R., Brown J.S., Kazakov A.F., McLinden M.O. LowGWP refrigerants for medium and highpressure applications// Int. J. Refrig. 2017. Vol. 84. P. 198-209.][International milelstone agreement on the phase-down of HFC production and consumption in Kigali, Editorial. 2017. Vol. 73. P. V-VI.][IPCC. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis - Contribution of Working Group I to the IPCC Third Assessment Report/ Ed. S. T. Houghton, et al. - Cambridge, U.K. Cambridge University Press, 2001.][Kyoto Protocol, 1997. Report of the Conference of the Parties. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC).][McLinden M.O., Brown J.S., Kazakov A.F., Domanski P.A. Hitting the bounds of Chemistry: limits and tradeoffs for lowGWP refrigerants// Int. Cong. Refrigeration, 2015, August 16-22, Yokohama, Japan.][Regulation (EC) № 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of the 17 May 2006 on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases, 2006. Official Journal of European Union. hppp:// tinyurl.com/mh 5721.][UNEP. 1987 with subsequent amendments. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Nairobi, Kenya. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 1987.][United Nations Environment Programm. 1997. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Final Act. New York, USA.][World Meteorological Organization, 2007. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2005 Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project/ Report 50.Geneva, Switzerland.]