Methods for measuring thermal resistance of special clothing for arctic use

The article is devoted to the systematization of methods for measuring the thermal resistance of special clothing intended for use in extreme Arctic conditions. Traditional approaches, such as calorimetry and testing on thermal mannequins, as well as modern technologies, including infrared thermography, computer modeling and "smart" textile sensors, are considered. Key problems associated with the discrepancy between laboratory data and real operating conditions are identified: the influence of wind load, high humidity and temperatures below -50 ° C. The limitations of the current standards (GOST 12.4.303-2016, ISO 15831:2004) are analyzed and ways of their modernization are proposed, including the introduction of correction factors to account for hybrid climatic factors. Particular attention is paid to promising areas, such as the integration of artificial intelligence for data analysis, the development of nanostructured insulation materials and the harmonization of Russian standards with international requirements. The article emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach combining materials science, climatology and digital technologies to improve the safety and efficiency of workwear in the context of increasing anthropogenic load on the Arctic regions.

Objectives:
Systematizing the methods for measuring the thermal resistance of special clothing for arctic conditions.

Analyzing their effectiveness, limitations and compliance with standards.

Suggesting ways to modernize the methods and standardize them taking into account the climatic factors of the Arctic.

Methods
Traditional: Calorimetry (GOST 7076-99), tests on thermal mannequins (ISO 15831:2004), Fill Power method.

Modern: Infrared thermography, computer modeling (ANSYS, BASK algorithms), "smart" textile sensors.

Hybrid approaches: Combination of laboratory (GOST R 55858-2013) and field tests.

Results
It was revealed that traditional methods overestimate thermal resistance by 15–25% due to ignoring wind and humidity.

Modern technologies (IR thermography, hybrid methods) have reduced the error to 8%.

Correction factors for GOST 12.4.303-2016, taking into account wind speed, have been proposed