Northern limit of the Veronica Beccabunga (Plantaginaceae) range in the northern taiga (Murmansk region)

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Abstract

Changes in vegetation cover and frequency of plant species occurrence have been documented in Fennoscandia over the last century along with climatic changes. A shift of southern species northwards has been noted in prognoses of the last decades. Monitoring of new populations of such plant species stays important north of the Arctic Circle because this latitude is a natural limit for distribution of biota northwards.

Veronica beccabunga L. (Plantaginaceae) has a wide range in Eurasia with single northernmost occurrences in the northern Fennoscandia. The species was first recorded in Murmansk Region in 2016. New populations were described in 2016–2024 in riparian communities of the Imandra Lake basin. Their phytocoenotic surroundings, seasonal development along with sexual and asexual reproduction have been studied.

Five populations have been monitored. Their areas were small (up to ca. 150 m2), they encountered from ten to thousand individuals. The populations were described in floodplain willow and tall-herb communities within a specific ecological niche, or on gravel deposits on river shores. It is revealed that all the populations are confined to rock outcrops enriched in phosphates which have local distribution in the region. The individuals of this species in the populations north of the Arctic Circle are found to set fruits and seeds. Both a high vegetative (1.7 × 103–18.8 × 103 shoots) and a high sexual (0.1 × 106–3.1 × 106 seeds) reproduction have been found in the populations. This is an evidence of the optimal reproduction strategy of the species for survival in extreme and unstable environmental conditions.

Since Veronica beccabunga is able to accumulate high concentration of phosphorus and to grow rapidly in riverside stands, its cultivation in artificial ponds is recommended, including buffer ponds in the areas with excess of phosphorus. The species is suggested to include in the threat category “In need of monitoring” in the next edition of the Regional Red Book until identified the species threats and protection status.

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About the authors

I. V. Blinova

N. A. Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, KSC RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: ilbli@yahoo.com
Russian Federation, Akademgorodok, 18A, Apatity, Murmansk Region, 184209

S. V. Asming

Murmansk Arctic University

Email: asming@yandex.ru

Apatity Branch

Russian Federation, Lesnaya Str., 29, Apatity, Murmansk Region, 184209

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