Svyaz' napravleniya perenosa teploty v protsesse teploobmena s printsipom vozrastaniya entropii

We apprehend heat transfer from the body at higher temperature to the body at lower temperature at heat exchange as a fundamental property of environment. But as it is known the direction of a thermodynamical process passing is determined by entropy, and in the case of nonequilibrium heat exchange it may lead to heat transfer in unusual direction. In the thermodynamical system in which a nonmonotonous dependence exists between entropy and energy, for example, when a molecular construction of one of the bodies has a limited number of a quantum state, a spontaneous heat transfer from the body at lower temperature to the body at higher temperature is possible. A theoretical possibility of the inversion of a heat flow direction is shown in the paper. The experiment in the system at limited number of quantum states allowed certifying a dominant importance of entropy when defining the direction of the thermodynamic processes passing as well as the possibility of a practical realization of a heat flow inversion. Keywords: entropy, heat flow direction, spontaneous heat transfer from the body at low temperature to the body at high temperature, magnetic entropy, quantum states of the body.

энтропия, направление течения теплоты, самопроизвольный перенос теплоты от тела с низкой температурой к телу с высокой температурой, магнитная энтропия, квантовые состояния тела