A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on an organomodified glassy carbon electrode for monitoring the release of amikacin from biodegradable coatings of bone implants

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Abstract

The high catalytic activity of arenediazonium, along with the ability of gold ions to form specific bonds with amikacin, has been used in the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a gold solution and arenediazonium tosylate (Ar/GGCE) for the detection and quantification of amikacin upon its release from implants. Atomic force microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and square-wave voltammetry were used to demonstrate that the use of a gold solution and arenediazonium tosylate for the surface modification of a glassy carbon electrode significantly enhances the electrode characteristics. The determination of amikacin was achieved using square wave voltammetry, which enabled the detection of amikacin at the Ar/GGCE in the concentration range 0.2–60 μM and ensured a limit of detection of 0.058 μM for amikacin released from implants.

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About the authors

G. B. Slepchenko

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

Author for correspondence.
Email: slepchenkogb@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 634050, Tomsk

E. V. Dorozhko

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

Email: slepchenkogb@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 634050, Tomsk

Е. S. Moiseeva

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

Email: slepchenkogb@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 634050, Tomsk

A. N. Solomonenko

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

Email: slepchenkogb@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 634050, Tomsk

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. AFM images of the SUE surface: (a) – SUE surface (5000×); (b) – Ar/SUE surface (8000×); (c) – modifier colonies on SUE (120,000×).

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3. Fig. 2. AFM image of the surface of the SUE modified with arendiazonium and gold (1000×).

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4. 3. Cyclic voltammogram of a ferricyanide/ferrocyanide pair on (1) FE and (2) Ar/ZSUE in 0.1 M H3PO4 (pH 2) containing 1.0 mM K3[Fe(CN)6]/1.0 mM K4[Fe(CN)6].

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5. Fig. 4. Amikacin voltammograms in 0.1 M H3PO4 (pH 2) per 1 – SUE; 2 – Ar/ZSUE (sAM = 2.0 × 106 M); 3 – Ar/ZSUE (sAM = 3.0 × 106 M).

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6. Fig. 5. Influence of the gold content (0.05–0.2 mM) on the currents of the peaks of oxidation of amikacin on the SUE in 0.1 M H3PO4 (pH 2) at a scanning speed of 30 mV/s.

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7. 6. Voltammograms of amikacin electrooxidation on Ar/CSUE at different pH values (E = 0.715 V at pH 2.0; E = 0.875 V at pH 6.0; E = 0.950 V at pH 9.0), sAM = 2.0 µm, scanning speed 30 mV/s.

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