Вариативность и маркированность грамматического рода у русских существительных

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Аннотация

В этой статье мы исследуем различные факторы, влияющие на род существительных в русском языке, и предлагаем новый теоретический анализ маркированности рода. Статья опирается на экспериментальные, словарные и корпусные данные. Первое исследование посвящено определению рода у существительных субъективной оценки в ситуации, когда род исходного существительного и экспрессивный суффикс дают противоречивые подсказки. Мы показали, что в этой ситуации наблюдается значительная вариация по роду, а также оценили роль различных факторов, влияющих на распределение. Наиболее важными оказались род исходного существительного и тип склонения, связанный с суффиксом субъективной оценки. Одушевленность также важна (некоторые варианты возможны только для существительных, обозначающих людей), но статистически незначима. Второе исследование посвящено определению рода у существительных, имеющих нулевое окончание в именительном падеже единственного числа и оканчивающихся на мягкую или шипящую согласную. В предыдущих исследованиях было отмечено, что конечная согласная основы влияет на распределение родов у этих существительных. Наши данные подтвердили это заключение и позволили сделать несколько новых выводов. Мы также показали, что носители русского языка чувствительны к этим признакам. Мы обсуждаем значение полученных результатов для различных подходов в теоретической морфологии, уделяя особое внимание проблеме маркированности рода и особому статусу мужского рода в русском языке.

Об авторах

Варвара Дмитриевна Магомедова

Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»

Email: voprosy@mail.ru
Россия, Москва

Наталия Анатольевна Слюсарь

Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: voprosy@mail.ru
Россия, Москва

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