Kholodosnabzhenie kriokhimicheskikh tekhnologiy

Hardphase materials having special magnetic, electric and mechanical properties are needed for microelectronics, hightemperature conductors, computer engineering and other modern fields of engineering and technology. The needed properties and the structure of hardphase materials in particular nanopowders, may be obtained using cryochemical technologies. When producing nanopowders by a cryochemical method the most responsible phase is the phase of freezing of a liquidphase system of metal salt - dissolvent (water) using a lowtemperature coolant that predetermine the structure and the properties of a final product. There are different methods of a liquidphase system freezing, the most spreading of which is pulverization into boiling nitrogen. The disadvantages of this method may be overcome using cryogranulation in nonboiling refrigerant. Herewith a number of requirements are made of refrigerants (low temperature coolants). These requirements may be fulfilled using not watersoluble organic liquids (for example geksan). Refrigerating machines refrigerate the coolant up to low temperatures. It is knows that regenerative gas refrigerating machines (GRM) operating on a Stirling cycle at cooling temperatures lower -80 °C are more efficient than the vapor compression ones. Moreover their construction and exploitation are simpler, the servicing is minimal during operating life as well as they begin faster to operate on running conditions. In this connection it is offered to use GRM to refrigerate coolants but it will require additional studies and the establishment of a heat engineering test bench.

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