Vol 92, No 1 (2003)

The world community, under the auspices of the United Nations (UN), is pursuing a vision of long-term development, defined as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations. The World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg from 26 August to 4 September, was a truly global event: the largest conference ever organized by the UN, bringing together more than 70,000 participants. Nearly 100 heads of state attended the summit.
The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR), commissioned by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), prepared the report on refrigeration in light of the UN's Long-Term Development Concept especially for this conference. Such reports were presented in 21 other areas of human activity, including metallurgy, chemistry, oil and gas sector, food industry, etc., as well as transport, construction, energy, information technology, etc.

The survey of works, which were carried out in thermal engineering, and related to characteristics of mixing contact heat exchangers is given, the condition to calculate nozzle diameter to inject liquid ammonia into evaporating chamber of thermopressor type intermediate cooler is shown. The properties of devices for liquid atomizing are considered, Laval nozzle has been grounded on the principle of discrete pulse energy input and transformation for injection and atomizing of adiabatically boiled up ammonia flow. The description of experimental layout is shown, also results, comparisons and conclusions are presented, calculated diameters presented in the table.

Heat conductivity of R401B - a transition working substance which can be used instead of R12 in the existing refrigerating installations - has been experimentally investigated. The results of the experiments have been generalized and presented in analytical form. The error of measurement has been assessed.

The papers consider the problems of improving wear resistance and reliability of the combined friction joints comprising different types of fiction pairs operating in a dry friction condition.

Currently, two types of thermal insulation materials are widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems - foam rubber (elastomers) and foamed polyethylene. Let's compare these materials by the way they are used and their effectiveness.

We have already informed earlier on the changes in the management and secretariat of TC 271, which were approved by the Order of Gosstandart of Russia No. 161 of July 8, 2002. (see XT № 9/ 2002, p. 28).
In December 2002 the first meeting of renewed structure of TC 271 was held by its chairman, director general of OJSC "VNIIholodmash-Holding" O.M. Tagantsev. More than 30 specialists from 16 organizations including new members of TC 271 such as Gosgortechnadzor of Russia, Khimkholodservis NPF LLC, Refrigeration Engineering Journal and others participated in the work of the Committee.

Influence of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants on climate warming has become in recent years a serious concern of both scientists and state officials in different countries of the world.
The main directions of solving this problem at present are measures aimed at reduction of refrigerant leakage from refrigeration systems, reduction of its volume in the system, as well as gradual transfer of refrigeration equipment to operation with such natural refrigerants as ammonia, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide. This review briefly highlights different aspects of using these refrigerants in supermarket refrigeration systems.