Vol 104, No 3 (2015)

European producers’ choice of power efficient water cooling machines (chillers) for air conditioning systems is explained by significant electric power saving at exploitation. The paper examines the indices of power efficiency of chillers as well as the factors influencing its increase. Theoretically the most power efficient are the chillers on the base of centrifugal oilfree compressors at frequency regulation of capacity, but their cost is almost twice as much relative to an ordinary chiller on the base of spiral or screw compressors. Besides, under climatic conditions in CentralEuropean Russia midannual running hours of compressors are significantly less that impacts the effectiveness ratio of chillers. The calculations of the electric power consumption for one working season of a chiller in the air conditioning system for four different types of chillers at about the same refrigerating capacity under conditions of Moscow region are cited; the payback period of more power efficient chillers is estimated (in comparison with a less expensive basic variant at less power efficiency). The calculation allows defining if the choice of a more expensive power efficient plant is rational under conditions of CentralEuropean Russia.

The article deals with the features of the technology of producing and application of cryovacuumdried water obtained as a result of distillation of sublimated moisture of a food material from a working drying room to a desublimator. The composition of cryovacuumdried water is very different and depends on the kind of the raw material, conditions of growing etc. Water itself contains such admixtures as heavy metals salts , radionuclides, free radicals, nitrogen isotopes - deuterium (which is considered as the main index of water quality) and so on. They can’t be released by ordinary filtration. It is known that the process of digestion of water at high deuterium content by the organism needs great expenditure of energy. After digestion of this water as a result of biochemical processes less energy is released than after digestion of light cryovacuumdried water. The works of scientists proved that free and bound moisture in the interior of fruits and vegetables was light water at lower content of deuterium. The process of producing cryovacuumdried water doesn’t require the additional expenditure of energy, and water produced as a byproduct is especially of valuable properties. Cryovacuumdried water as a product containing lightvolatile components of initial raw materials and having light water quality with special physiological properties thanks to accelerated biochemical processes occurring in the organism after digestion may be used in a human specialized nutrition or as a raw material to produce products with special requirements to water (absence of undesirable inclusions, high indices of the composition of healthy substances). The analysis of the technological process of a cryovacuumdried water production has been carried out. The main advantages and appropriateness of using such water at lower deuterium content in industry and specialized nutrition have been shown. Some features of the technology and techniques used for a cryovacuumdried water production have been noted.

A final version of the project of the set of rules (SR) “Industrial cold stores. Fire safety requirements” as a uniform standard document containing the requirements of fire safety as regards to the industrial cold stores taking into account the requirements of Federal Law № 123FZ “Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements” and other normative documents was formulated. The fire safety requirements and fire protection of the industrial cold stores in these documents were analyzed. The analysis revealed some faults in the documents as well as that some normative documents are not concordant each with other. Based on the critical analysis executed a final version of the project of the SR was prepared. In it for the first time a classification of the industrial cold stores according to two indices was offered: the group of a refrigerant used in the refrigerant supply system of the cold store and the area of a fire compartment. It was offered to determine on the territory of the industrial enterprises the distance from the cold store to the neighbor buildings and constructions taking into account not only the grade of fire resistance but the group of a refrigerant used in the building. The data on areas of the stages between fire separations within a fire compartment depending on the grade of fire resistance and the category of constructive fire safety as well as on the category of a building as regards to constructive flammability and fire safety were specified. Also the data on application of automatic plants of firefighting (APFF) and fire alarm (APFA) taking into account the intended purpose of the premises of the cold stores and their areas were presented. The requirements for methods and fire extinguishing means were examined as well.