Vol 105, No 9 (2016)

The environmental safety of the population and the country is an important part of the program of the national security of Russia. One of the serious antagonists of the environmental safety concerning a man and environment is ethylene glycol that is largely used at transport as antifreeze, in housing and communal services as coolant, at different industry enterprises as well as in the objects of winter sports. An alternative to ethylene glycol is propylene glycol that is accepted to be used even in food products as a food additive. Its toxicity concerning a living organism is 4.3 times lower than that of ethylene glycol. After adding corrosion inhibitors and components lowering viscosity in the propylene glycol solution the last becomes almost an ideal heat and cold carrier for housing and communal services and cold consumers in food industry, as well as ideal antifreeze for transport. In Russia energy saving coolants at low viscosity (ХНТ-НВ) and at high viscosity (ХНТ-СНВ) on the basis of propylene glycol have been elaborated and commercially produced. They are successfully used at temperatures up to -60 оС including transportation under conditions of polar regions and the Arctic. There is a positive experience of their use at thermostabilization of permanently frozen soils. The innovation products are covered by the patents of Russia and are provided with necessary documentation permitting the industrial use.

The possibilities to apply different decorating compounds with the aim to study the ice structure and the heat and mass transfer in the ice body are examined. The modified ice massifs are the subject of inquiry. The paper offers a new method of ice decoration to investigate the ice structure both on the surface and in the volume; the method is based on the particularities of coloring substances localization during crystallization with their following redistribution. The basic criteria of choice of decorating compounds for ice investigation have been formulated in the paper. The results of using different types of colorants obtained by authors are cited. The image of the threedimensional structure of modified ice with a decorated intercrystalline space is given. A parallel between investigations of the solid body structure in metallurgy and at studying ice was drawn. For the first time the paper presents the approach to modeling heat and mass transfer in ice body using the visualization of the colorant migration. The original methods offered were applied in the framework of investigations supported by the Russian fund of fundamental investigations.

The stability of airtemperature conditions under standard limits plays a very important part in the cold chambers for frozen meat storage at the industrial enterprises of meat industry. The ways (trends) of providing such stable conditions are examined both when creating refrigeration and technological systems and during their exploitation.