Vol 93, No 12 (2004)
Articles
New compact screw compressors "Bitzer" series CSH
Abstract
The new head office of Bitzer Kiihimaschinenbau GmbH in Roggenburg, Germany, for the production of screw compressors was put into operation at the end of 2003. With a capacity of more than 25,000 compressors per year, this plant has become one of the largest enterprises in the world producing screw compressors for air conditioning and refrigeration systems. The preconditions for the construction of the new plant and the transfer of all production capacities from the old plant in Sindelfingen were the significant expansion of Bitzer over the past years and, in particular, the success of screw compressors. The annual increase in their output was more than 35%, and the old production was bursting at the seams! At the same time, the output of reciprocating compressors also increased significantly. Their production in Europe was completely transferred to the factories of the cities of Schkeuditz (Germany) and Castelo Branco (Portugal). This decision made possible the material and technical separation of the two production technologies, which had a positive effect on the total activity and costs of the companies. In addition to the named European enterprises, Bitzer compressors are manufactured according to around the world. Factories in Brazil and China produce a range of compressors to meet the needs of the local refrigeration and air conditioning markets.
Filters for vapor compression machines
Abstract
To clean refrigerants from contaminants, mechanical depth filters are also used, in which filter elements are made of porous materials obtained by sintering, pressing or rolling metal powders, meshes or fibers, as well as their combination; from non-metallic porous materials (textiles, felt, paper, cellulose, plastic, mineral ceramics), as well as from combined porous materials, for example, from cermets.
Pressure-enthalpy diagram for a real working fluid R134a/Castrol Icematic SW22
Abstract
A pressure-enthalpy diagram for the real refrigerant R134a / Castrol Icematic SW22 has been developed.
The influence of the oil impuriries on configuration of main isolines in the diagram was considered. The role of use of the offered diagram in theoretical evaluation of the efficiency of refrigerating equipment is highlighted.
Consequences of water intrusion into an ammonia refrigeration plant
Abstract
Danfoss is not only a supplier of components for industrial refrigeration systems, but also offers its customers turnkey solutions in the design and operation of ammonia refrigeration systems. Often the problems that arise during the operation of these systems are not related to the operation of the units and the design of refrigeration units, but are caused by completely different circumstances.
Refrigeration equipment for cooling liquids
Abstract
The Frigodesign firm positions itself in the refrigeration market as an engineering company that performs for a specific customer a cycle of work on the calculation, selection and manufacture of complex non-standard or unique refrigeration equipment.
Among the completed orders: Cascade plant for cooling continuous steel strip from +30 to -70 °C in the hardening chamber for thin-walled sheet metal; Climatic chamber with a volume of 42 m3 with controlled temperature, humidity and air speed, accepted by the Rostest certification center; S multi-compressor two-stage plants for freeze-drying of pharmaceuticals at -70 °C and a number of other equally interesting objects. This article discusses equipment manufactured by Frigodesign for cooling liquids.
Versatility of application of the TECO multi-compressor unit
Abstract
The Vostok-Kholod company has been operating in the refrigeration market for about 4 years. During this time, a large number of projects have been implemented to equip various facilities with modern refrigeration equipment. The company is engaged in trade in refrigeration and climate equipment, provides design, installation and commissioning, as well as after-sales service. An important feature of the company's activities is the focus on long-term cooperation with customers: this is the supply of high-quality European-quality equipment for them first-hand and in the shortest possible time, as well as further after-sales service.
Petr Leonidovich Kapitsa and low-temperature technology
Abstract
This year there are two anniversaries associated with Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa. They are important for many - not only for physicists and engineers, but also for all those who are interested in the history of our country. P.L. Kapitsa not only made a significant contribution to Russian science, but also left a bright mark on the history of the political and economic life of our country.
Management of the complex SKKV-refrigeration plant based on a multiprocessor system
Abstract
The maximal effect of decrease (reduction) of the charge of energy in a complete set system of comfortable conditioned air refrigerating machinery is reached (achieved) at cumulative application of energetically rational structure of a complex and multiprocessor control system (MCS) by the equipment. MSC is carried out by controllers on the basis of the specialized digital processor DSP. The control system has low technological complexity, conformity to the standards on electrical parameters.
Features of the design of ventilation and air conditioning in the buildings of medical institutions (HCI)
Abstract
Class H filters (HEPA type-High Efficiency Paticle Air) with an efficiency of removing microorganisms and inert aerosol particles of 0.3 microns in size of 99.97% or more are used in “clean” rooms of cleanliness classes (ISO 5-ISO 7). Class U ultra-high purification filters (ULPA type-Ultra Low Penetration Air) with an efficiency of removing particles with a diameter of 0.1-0.2 microns of about 99.999%-in “clean” rooms of ISO 1-SO 4 classes. In rooms of ISO 8 class (class 100 000) the use of absolute filters is not practical. It is recommended to use pocket filters with a 0.5 µm particle removal efficiency of about 90%.