Vol 92, No 5 (2003)

The past 10 years have been significant for the refrigeration and food industries: prolonged transition of Russia to market economy, sharp decline in production and, as a consequence, dominance of imported refrigeration equipment and "cheap" food products; continuing "refrigeration revolution" initiated by the decrease of ozone in the stratosphere and global climate warming; differentiation of refrigerators into synthetic and natural refrigerants supporters. It is all the more encouraging to realize that the International Academy of Refrigeration, a unique fusion of refrigeration and food professionals, has succeeded in its formative period and is now on the rise.

Despite the crisis phenomena experienced by our science and industry in the last decade, at present there is a tendency for the recovery and rise of both industry and scientific, design and technological areas. This was largely due not only to the ability to survive under extreme economic conditions, but also to the ability to unite scientists, engineers and experienced specialists into a public organization - the Russian Federation Academy of Refrigeration, later transformed into the International Academy of Refrigeration. Established in 1993 by efforts of Leningrad and Moscow scientists it didn't allow refrigeration and cryogenic industry specialists to "scatter into secluded corners" and wait for their destiny.
Establishment of the Academy helped to bring together highly qualified scientists and specialists working in the refrigeration and related industries of the national economy.
The first years of the scientific and organizational activity of the Academy showed that the idea of its creation was absolutely correct. Scientists from near and far abroad "reached out" to it and it became international.
An important stage in the onward development of the Academy is the organization of its own journal "MAKh Bulletin" which celebrated its 5th anniversary in 2003. The possibility of operative information exchange about the results of interesting scientific, marketing, economic research, design and technological developments has appeared.

An example of the calculation of combined system of heat and refrigeration supply for an apartment house under the conditions of hot climate (Cairo, Egypt) is given. The components of the reversible vapor-compression machine suggested for this purpose were selected according to the results of the calculation of energy and economic efficiency of the machine. Energy optimization was carried out by means of comparison of the exergy efficiencies of different thermodynamic cycles on several refrigerants. With the economic optimization, dimensionless costs were compared for the case of different completeness of the machine. The results of the optimization calculations are given.

The FX P series of chillers includes 18 types. Each machine includes the world-proven Grasso screw compressor. The FX P chillers range from 200 to 5,800 kW at an output temperature of 6 °C.

TST tunnel freezers with cyclic carts are used in ice cream factories, reception and freezing of mushrooms and berries, in meat and fish processing plants and other food industry enterprises.

This article is addressed to entrepreneurs and managers of enterprises that use chocolate icing of different properties for the production of ice cream, cottage cheese, confectionery products, etc., as well as those who are going to produce icing and chocolate to meet the demand for them in their region.
There is a perception that the organization of the production of icing is very complex and costly, requires considerable investment, professional training of personnel and large areas. In fact, this is far from it. Information in this article is based on real experience of different kinds of glazes and chocolate production in 125 countries on four continents, including 40 factories in Russia. Equipment supply and technological support for many such enterprises is provided by the representative office of LADCO (Great Britain).